Things to Consider When Planning a Deck
A beautiful deck is an extension of your home’s living space. Before you begin planning:
- Gather inspirational photos and learn your local codes, requirements and restrictions, including those of your homeowners association (HOA).
- Set a reasonable budget.
- Consider whether your deck will include features such as outdoor seating and dining areas, an outdoor kitchen and outdoor heating.
- Factor shade and privacy into deck placement.
- Consider family members, pets and children and the associated safety and accessibility concerns of each.
For more on designing and building different types of decks, see Design and Build a Deck.
Decking Prices and Estimating Decking Materials
When considering decking prices, there are several major factors that will determine the final cost of a project. The first, of course, is the cost of the decking materials. Certain species of wood and types of composites are more costly than others. Remember that with wood you’ll need to purchase a wood stain and sealer to waterproof the material after the lumber has dried sufficiently.
When calculating the approximate cost of a deck upgrade, estimate the number of deck boards, railings and other components needed and multiply by the cost of each component. Be sure to factor in an extra 10 percent to account for mistakes, waste or future repairs. You should also add the cost of fasteners and a permit, as well as the costs for having the materials delivered, or renting a truck. And if you decide to go with a professional installer, there are labor costs to consider.
Estimating Decking Materials
We’ve got some tools to help you estimate material costs. Keep in mind, these tools will provide estimates only to help you plan.
Deck Materials Calculator
Our deck design tool will help you create a cost estimate and materials list as you design your dream deck. Begin with inspirational images, sample templates or simply start drawing your deck.
Deck Concrete Slab Calculator
In addition to the materials for the decking, deck frame and deck railings, you might want a concrete landing for the stairs. Our Concrete, Cement and Masonry Calculator will help you estimate how many bags of concrete you need.
Labor
It’s important to consider whether or not this is a viable DIY project or one best left to the pros. Some hidden costs and construction challenges might surprise you. When drafting your plan, check your work with a building inspector to ensure you have enough supports for the size of your deck and that your frame and railings are up to code. In the planning phase, consider enlisting the help of an electrician to run electricity to your new deck for ambient nighttime lighting.
Decking Material Options: The Best Wood for Decks and More
The right material is critical to building the best deck. Wood material options are the most popular, but you’ve got other options as well, including composite decking and PVC (polyvinyl chloride) decking. For railings and balusters, you have even more choices, including aluminum deck materials.
Some deck materials offer customizable design options, from curves to multiple colors and woodgrain patterns, while other materials are more limited. When choosing a deck material for your project, keep your priorities in mind. Are you looking for great design options, the best value, top-rated decking materials or maybe a product that offers a balance of them all? You’ll also want to keep in mind deck safety, which type of cleaning products you’ll need for your deck and how much maintenance your choice of deck materials will require.
To learn more about cleaning your deck, see Clean, Seal or Stain a Deck for reference. Our Deck Safety and Maintenance Guide will help you.
Local building codes specify decking materials for specific uses, such as for structural components and components that contact the soil. Always follow the building code for your area.
Composite Decking: Wood-Alternative Deck Material Options
Composite decking is the ultimate in backyard decking. Part wood, part plastic, this wood-alternative board is easy to maintain, resists scratching, is impervious to termites and decay and won't warp or splinter. It weathers lighter, so consider a deeper-hued initial purchase. Capped composite is wrapped in a tough finish that resists scratches and fading. Clean composite with a water hose and cleaner made for composite decking as pressure washing isn't typically recommended. Painting, staining and sealing aren't required.
PVC Decking: Polyvinyl Chloride Deck Material Options
PVC decking is an all-plastic material with no organic content that resists scratching, splintering and cracking. It won't warp or splinter, doesn't require sanding, staining or sealing and isn't affected by termites or decay. Clean with soap and water. Many manufacturers recommend against pressure washing PVC decking.
Pressure Treated Lumber: A Classic Deck Material Option
The natural look and feel of wood makes a pressure treated lumber deck a common deck design. Pressure treated lumber is treated with chemicals to add resistance to insects, fungal decay and rot.
Above-ground pressure treated lumber is for use at least six inches above the ground and is suitable for:
- Decking boards
- Railing
- Balusters
- Stair treads
Ground-contact pressure treated lumber is for critical components and those in contact with or near the ground:
- Deck frame posts
- Stair stringers
- Ledger boards
- Beams
- Joists
Treat the edges and ends of pressure treated lumber with a wood preservative for the best resistance to insects and the elements. Once the lumber on a new deck has fully dried, apply an exterior stain-and-sealer product to protect it from ultraviolet rays and moisture. A pressure treated lumber deck requires annual cleaning with a wood cleaner, as well as new stain and sealer at least every two or three years.
Read our guide to types of pressure treated lumber for details on using this wood type around your landscape.
Redwood and Cedar: Other Wood Deck Options
While pressure treated lumber is the most common type of wood for decks, redwood and cedar are options in some areas. In addition to rich wood tones, redwood and cedar have natural resistance to decay and insects. As with pressure treated lumber, sealing the edges and ends of the lumber, as well as regular cleaning, staining and sealing, give you the best protection and long-lasting beauty.
Railing Materials: Aluminum Deck Materials and Other Options
Railing is often the same material as the decking. However, you can mix and match materials to reflect your personal style with other types of railings. In addition to traditional wood railings, you can consider:
Deck Maintenance
Yearly deck maintenance is necessary. Check for loose, split or damaged areas and repair as needed. Depending on your decking material, hose clean or pressure wash to remove grime and mildew growth. Re-stain and seal as recommended by your product's manufacturer.