Prices, Promotions, styles, and availability may vary. Our local stores do not honor online pricing. Prices and availability of products and services are subject to change without notice. Errors will be corrected where discovered, and Lowe's reserves the right to revoke any stated offer and to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions including after an order has been submitted.

Varnish Vs. Stain: What's the Difference?

Lowe's Editorial Team

By Lowe's Editorial Team
Published January 10, 2025

When it comes to the final coat of any woodworking project, varnish and stain are two popular options. Choosing the right finish from the two is necessary for the durability and appearance of your project. Make the right choice by learning the difference between wood stain and varnish.

What is Varnish

Varnish is a transparent finish applied as a topcoat over wood. After drying, it forms a hard protective layer. This layer of varnish protects the wood from moisture, sunlight, scratches and wear. You can choose from glossy, semi-gloss, and matte finishes as per your requirements. Usually, two types of varnish are available in the market:

  • Oil-based varnish: This type of varnish is made by mixing oil with resins and solvents. It provides a rich, warm appearance but they take longer to dry. With time, this type of varnish develops a unique yellowish tint, which adds character to the wood.
  • Alcohol-based varnish: These are often referred to as shellac or spirit varnish. Natural resins are dissolved in ethanol or denatured alcohol to make this varnish. It dries quickly but is not as durable as oil-based varnish. Further, alcohol-based varnish maintains a clear coating and does not turn yellow with time.

Caution

Oil-based varnish releases strong fumes. Wear safety gloves and a respirator when working with it. Also, ensure that your work area is well-ventilated.

What is Wood Stain

Wood stain is a finishing coat that is used to color woodworking projects. The stain is often used to enhance the natural grain of wood. It penetrates the wooden surface and helps preserve the natural beauty of the wood. The stain further acts as a protective coating. You can select from the following types of wood stains:

  • Indoor wood stain: You can use water-based, oil-based and gel stains for indoor woodwork projects. Oil-modified stains are suitable for both finished and unfinished wooden surfaces. They are easier to work with and dry within a few hours.
  • Outdoor wood stain: You can use water-based or oil-based stains for outdoor woodwork. Though water-based stains dry faster, they can fade after some time. Oil-based stains offer better protection from extreme weather conditions.

Difference Between Wood Stain and Varnish

An image explaining the difference between wood stain and varnish.

Now that you understand both varnish and stain, let’s understand their differences:

Varnish vs Stain: How to Decide

Here are some points to help you decide between varnish and stain for your next woodworking project:

1. Consider the Purpose of Wood

Think about the primary function of wood. If you’re aiming to improve the color, stain would be a better choice. Go for varnish if you prefer to showcase the natural grains of the wood.

2. Think About Durability

Consider if the wood will be exposed to harsh weather conditions. If yes, consider finishing the wood with scratch-resistant varnish. Stain offers minimal protection and will need frequent reapplication.

3. Evaluate the Desired Finish

The finish you want on your wood is a key factor in your decision. The wood stain gives a subtle finish. On the other hand, varnish is available in a variety of options. If you prefer glossy or satin sheen, varnish is the better option.

4. Assess Wood’s Condition

Check to see if the wood has any imperfections. You can use a wood stain to cover them and give the wood a fresh look. Use a stain of darker color to conceal the imperfections.

Related Tags: