How to Use a Swamp Cooler and Maintain One

A portable swamp cooler, or evaporative cooling device, is designed to lower the temperature in an area such as a small room, a section of a large room, a garage or a workspace. You can also find whole-house systems as well as evaporative coolers designed for outdoor use. 

So how does a swamp cooler work? Evaporative coolers have a fan that pulls in outside air and blows it across replaceable, honeycomb-shaped cooling media through which cold water is circulated via a pump. 

When considering an evaporative cooler versus an air conditioner for a space, it’s important to understand what function each technology is designed to perform. Evaporative coolers don’t employ a compressor, any sort of refrigeration component or a thermostat. They won’t lower the temperature as much as an air conditioner, and they can’t be programmed to maintain an exact temperature. Also, evaporative coolers aren’t designed to be used in a totally enclosed area. They require access to outside air to operate. Evaporative coolers work best in an area with less humidity. Therefore, it’s best to avoid running humidifiers while operating them. 

Some evaporative air coolers have a special compartment in which you can add a freezer pack or ice to lower the temperature of the water that circulates through the cooling media. If you live in a location with extremely hot, dry summers, consider investing in one of these models. For some swamp coolers, you must add water to the reservoir regularly to keep the unit functioning properly, while some models can be connected to a garden hose and don’t need to be manually refilled.

Evaporative coolers are available in a variety of sizes and with a variety of features. In general, you’ll want to choose a model rated for the square footage of the area you need to cool.

The steps for operating an evaporative cooler will vary by manufacturer. However, here are the typical instructions for using one for the first time:

1. Assemble the unit. Oil any components that require it if outlined in the instruction manual.
2. Connect any water supply lines, if applicable, or electrical cords.
3. Install the filter and the honeycomb cooling pads.
4. Fill the unit with water or turn on the water supply if your unit connects to a hose.
5. Position the unit in front of an open window or door. Make sure there’s adequate cross-ventilation.
6. Start the cooler. If your unit has a water reservoir, keep an eye on it to ensure it’s always filled. Pay attention to how often you’re refilling it, so you’ll know approximately when it’s time to do so.
7. Change the honeycomb cooling media regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions. It’s also a good idea to drain the unit periodically and wipe it down to prevent mold.

To get the most out of an evaporative cooling system, you’ll need to understand how it works. Here are a few points to consider:

• Evaporative coolers aren’t meant to be used in conjunction with an A/C unit.
• Swamp coolers need ventilation to operate, whereas as opening a window or door is counterproductive when operating an A/C.
• While operating an evaporative cooler, make sure the cooler is positioned directly in front of an open window or door. You’ll always want to ensure cross-ventilation by opening a door or window across from the cooler. Ideally, air should be pulled into the room from an open door or window, cycle through the cooling media and exit the room through another open door or window.
• Although specifications may vary by unit, most manufacturers recommend operating an evaporative cooler in an area where the temperature is above 80 degrees Fahrenheit and below 60% humidity. If the humidity in the space is above 60%, it’s best to use a fan or A/C instead.
• It’s also helpful to close the curtains or blinds in the area to shade the room from sunlight, which will raise the temperature.
• Swamp coolers work best when the processed air blows directly on your body. If the air isn’t blowing directly on you, it’ll feel less cool.
• The honeycomb cooling media must also be changed regularly to ensure the unit functions properly and to keep mold from growing.

When it’s time to use your swamp cooler again, follow the same recommended cleaning procedures for winterizing it to clean out any dirt, dust or mold that may have collected in your unit.

1. Reassemble all components, just as you did when you used your cooler for the first time. You may need to oil the motor or other components before operating.
2. Install new honeycomb cooling media. Don’t reuse ones from the previous year.
3. As you use the cooler, check the filter regularly to ensure it’s working properly. It’s a good idea to set a reminder in your phone for when it’s time to change the media and keep a spare on hand so you’re always prepared. It’s also wise to periodically clean your evaporative cooler in between honeycomb changes to keep it in good working order.

On average, evaporative cooler honeycombs need to be changed every three to six months. However, this can vary greatly by brand, so you’ll need to check the product packaging to know the recommended changing cadence for your unit.