Is this product safe to use on vegetables that will be harvested and consumed? Also will it kill aphids and spidermites?

Yes, the product can be used on vegetables up to day of harvest.

Sure, you can use Garden Safe Brand Insecticidal Soap Insect Killer on vegetables right up to the day you harvest them -- just rinse thoroughly with water before consuming them. It will control aphids, spider mites and many other garden pests listed on the label.