The 4SV reverse osmosis system consists of four separate stages. Stage #1 - five micron sediment pre-filter (104017) that traps particulate matter like dirt, rust, and silt that will affect the taste and appearance of your water. Stage #2 - five micron carbon block pre-filter (101009) that helps ensure a greater reduction of chlorine and other materials that cause bad taste and odors. (The first three stages are called pre-filters because they filter in front of the reverse osmosis membrane). Stage #3 - the 50 GPD membrane (560018) is the heart of the reverse osmosis system. This semi-permeable membrane will effectively reduce TDS (total dissolved solids), sodium and a wide range of contaminants such as lead, percolate, chromium, copper and radium. Stage #4 - granular activated carbon (GAC) inline filter (560010) and is used as a final polishing filter. GAC filters are used to remove chemicals that give objectionable odors or tastes to water such as hydrogen sulfide (rotten eggs odor) or chlorine. It is important that this system is properly installed and maintained with an incoming water pressure of 40 to 80 psi for it to operate as designed. The filtered water passes through the membrane and enters the storage tank. When you're ready for a taste, it will leave the storage tank and pass through the fifth stage on its way up to the faucet. The end result? Crystal clear, high quality, and great tasting water!