Create a Water-wise Landscape with Xeriscaping™

The word Xeriscape™ is often used to describe this landscaping philosophy. Xeric is Greek for requiring little water. The term xeriscaping originated in Denver, Colorado, in the 1980s and is used to describe water-conserving landscaping techniques and practices. The philosophy doesn't necessarily mean no water, no grass, no greenery, and no blooms. Xeriscaping is not just for arid climates— it's being practiced from Florida to Canada. So no matter where you live, you can apply the following Xeriscape principles:

Good idea: A key to a good landscape is good soil. Don't guess what your soil needs. Do a soil test and make the recommended changes.

Make a plan. The key to your plan is finding the microclimates and mini-ecosystems in your yard. The perfect plan would have at least a year's worth of data on sun and shade patterns by season, prevailing winds, and average rainfall. If you don't have a year to spare and since many of us do well to remember to buy gas for the mower, here are the basics:

1. Determine north, south, east and west.



2. Take note of sunny and shady spots. Create and use shade.



3. Identify slopes and drainage patterns.



4. Note existing vegetation and architecture that will not or cannot be removed.



5. Decide how each area of the yard will be used (whether it's used for recreation, dining, etc.).



6. When planning beds, remember that sharp angles are harder to maintain and irrigate than curves.
   

Test and improve your soil. Determine the pH level needed for your desired plants. Add compost, peat moss, or other amendments as recommended by the soil test results. Better soil improves moisture retention and oxygen supply. Water penetrates deeply into the soil to promote a strong root system that helps plants survive dry conditions.

Succulents, such as sedum, are able to withstand dry weather.

One key to water-wise landscaping is the use of native (or indigenous) plants. Indigenous plants have adapted to your area and supply food and shelter for native animals and insects. When you visualize a landscape of native plants, it doesn't have to look like an abandoned lot. Plus you don't have to limit your selection to native plants only. Just be sure to group plants that have the same requirements for water, sun, and feeding.

To increase water conservation, look for drought-resistant plants. In general, these plants have silver leaves, deep taproots and small leaves. Succulents, such as sedum, are also able to withstand dry weather.

Compare the plant's water requirements to the microclimates identified in your plan. Plant these new communities accordingly. When planting, take into consideration the plant's size at maturity. Layer by height and bloom time for emphasis and constant color.

Well-rooted, established plants offer the additional benefit of increased pest and disease resistance. Less fertilizer is required (which saves money and time).

A note on collecting native plants from roadsides, parks, vacant lots, or anywhere— DON'T. Digging them up is not conscientious and, depending upon where you are, it may be illegal. Plus, they typically don't transplant well. Consult your local extension service or garden center for native plant suggestions and shop from local suppliers for seeds or live plants.

Use organic mulch to maintain soil temperature, improve water retention, prevent runoff, and control competition from water-robbing weeds.

Manage existing turf more efficiently through the following:

• Mow at the proper height with a sharp blade to keep grass healthier.



• Aerate (then topdress with compost or peat moss) to allow water to reach roots rather than run off.



• Replace or re-seed your lawn with one of the less thirsty turfgrass varieties available.



• Reduce turf areas by converting parts of the lawn to mulched beds, adding groundcover, or larger shrub beds. Areas where turf doesn't grow (under trees, for example) are candidates for mulch or groundcover. Changing these areas allows you to better concentrate your efforts into turning the remaining turf area into an attractive lawn.



• Remove thatch if necessary.

Good idea: Water conservation also includes collecting and using supplies that might otherwise be wasted. Gather rain with gutter collection systems or buckets. Water from basement dehumidifiers can be also used for plants.

Use water carefully and efficiently. Create watering zones to accommodate plant groupings. In-ground systems that are properly installed, maintained, and monitored allow efficient use of water resources. Use timers and/or moisture sensors to prevent over-watering. Drip irrigation is also a water saver. Soaker hoses deliver water directly to the base of the plant, reducing moisture loss from evaporation. Even if you plan on watering with a hose or watering can, always watch for run-off and always water at the proper time of day. (Early morning is best).

One of the fringe benefits of following this plan is a low-maintenance yard. Low maintenance means less mowing, pruning, weeding, and watering, but it doesn't mean no maintenance. You can still play in the yard and get your hands dirty. Be sure to prune properly, following the natural shapes and tendencies of the plant. Continue to mulch, weed, mow, and deadhead — all the things you do already.

Be patient – many gardeners live for this kind of challenge. Install your new look in stages if you wish and be as creative as you want . Remember - those lush, green and colorful blooms are out there waiting for you.

For more information on xeriscaping, visit www.xeriscape.org

Xeriscape is a registered trademark of Denver Water, Denver, CO and is used here with permission.