Integrated Pest Management

Most plant injury is caused by poor growing conditions. Weak plants are more susceptible to pests than healthy plants. Observation and early identification of problems is the key. Application of pesticides is not excluded from an IPM program, but most often reserved as a "last resort."

Although integrated pest management has its roots in commercial farming, the basic components can be practiced easily in residential lawns and gardens. Home IPM requires:

1. The time to maintain an educated eye toward the garden. Observation is the key to prevention.



2. The ability to correctly identify the nature of pest-related problems. To determine the proper control, you must recognize the cause.



3. The self-discipline to decide what threshold of natural pest damage to allow before initiating chemical controls. Go ahead and acknowledge the fact that some pest presence and damage is natural.
   

The use of cultural, mechanical and biological controls can reduce dependence on pesticides.

• Rotate crops. Plant cover crops to enrich garden soils.



• Remove pests from plants with a jet of water or by hand.



• Plant pest-resistant varieties.



• Keep weeds and debris out of the garden and flowerbeds. Soil solarization is one way to naturally eliminate weeds and pests.



• Provide regular irrigation and feeding but avoid overwatering and overfertilizing.



• Eliminate standing water.



• Do a soil test and follow the recommendations. Prepare soil well before planting.



• Keep plants healthy so they are more pest resistant.



• Mow lawns at the correct height. Grass-cycling and proper fertilization techniques can promote a healthy lawn.



• Plant flowering, nectar-bearing plants to attract beneficial insects.
  

• Use traps to attract and gather pests.



• Set up barriers such as row covers and netting.



• Use electronic repellers.



• Install fences to keep out deer and rabbits.



• Extend the fence below ground to deter rodents.
  

• Attract beneficial insects.



• Attract insect eaters such as birds, bats, toads and lizards.



• Use companion plants to increase garden efficiency.

IPM can also be practiced inside of the home. Keep the house clean, especially kitchens and baths. Keep an eye out for early detection of pests.

When the time comes that pesticides are required, always apply them according to the manufacturer's recommendations and observe all safety precautions.